Thursday, April 2, 2009

Hempel's Raven Paradox

Today I discussed a paradox with some friends. The paradox is known as Hempel's Ravens. It's a pretty fun paradox so I thought I'd try to walk you all through it. Here goes...

1) All ravens are black.

Now, from premise 1 we can infer by the law of implication:

2) Anything that is not black is not a raven.

Okay, so now that we have these two statements lets find how we would support them with evidence. Say you find a black raven. Since you saw a raven and it was black this would strengthen your first premise: all ravens are black.

However, what about the second statement? You would support premise 2 by finding something that isn't black and that isn't a raven. So, if I see something that isn't black or a raven(say a red apple), that red apple is evidence of #2. The problem is that premise 1 and 2 are equivalent statements. So, because of their equivalence, if I see a red apple that supports premise 2, premise 2 in turn supports its equivalent premise: premise 1. This means that when I see a red apple I find evidence that all ravens are black. This, of course, is counter intuitive. So, next time you see a red apple, take heart that that apple is evidence that all ravens are black.

If anyone wants to talk about ways of resolving this paradox let me know.

6 comments:

Schmetterling said...

Wait a minute: a paradox is simply something that is "counter intuitive"? Since when do intuitions play such a large role in philosophy? Or am I only displaying my ignorance in so asking...?

eden said...

what the...

Dan said...

This paradox isn't a paradox because it is counter intuitive (although this paradox is counter intuitive--no one would think one unrelated object could tell you about another). Rather, it is paradoxical because it is a logically valid argument with correct premises that produces (what many consider to be) an invalid conclusion.

Rebecca said...

Neat. I have no answer but I like to think about it!

Ted said...

http://www.cbc.ca/asithappens/features/2008/white_raven1.jpg



I rest my case.

Schmetterling said...

Um. Yup. I think Ted wins it.

Take THAT, Hempel!

The question then becomes Are there any universal statements?