Today I discussed a paradox with some friends. The paradox is known as Hempel's Ravens. It's a pretty fun paradox so I thought I'd try to walk you all through it. Here goes...
1) All ravens are black.
Now, from premise 1 we can infer by the law of implication:
2) Anything that is not black is not a raven.
Okay, so now that we have these two statements lets find how we would support them with evidence. Say you find a black raven. Since you saw a raven and it was black this would strengthen your first premise: all ravens are black.
However, what about the second statement? You would support premise 2 by finding something that isn't black and that isn't a raven. So, if I see something that isn't black or a raven(say a red apple), that red apple is evidence of #2. The problem is that premise 1 and 2 are equivalent statements. So, because of their equivalence, if I see a red apple that supports premise 2, premise 2 in turn supports its equivalent premise: premise 1. This means that when I see a red apple I find evidence that all ravens are black. This, of course, is counter intuitive. So, next time you see a red apple, take heart that that apple is evidence that all ravens are black.
If anyone wants to talk about ways of resolving this paradox let me know.
carefree
8 years ago
6 comments:
Wait a minute: a paradox is simply something that is "counter intuitive"? Since when do intuitions play such a large role in philosophy? Or am I only displaying my ignorance in so asking...?
what the...
This paradox isn't a paradox because it is counter intuitive (although this paradox is counter intuitive--no one would think one unrelated object could tell you about another). Rather, it is paradoxical because it is a logically valid argument with correct premises that produces (what many consider to be) an invalid conclusion.
Neat. I have no answer but I like to think about it!
http://www.cbc.ca/asithappens/features/2008/white_raven1.jpg
I rest my case.
Um. Yup. I think Ted wins it.
Take THAT, Hempel!
The question then becomes Are there any universal statements?
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